ACER and national regulatory authorities (NRAs) work closely together to protect energy markets from abuse. 

Increased transparency and monitoring build confidence that energy markets work well for EU businesses and citizens and that prices are determined in a fair way.

The Regulation on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT) is the EU framework that protects wholesale energy markets from abuse, ensuring open and fair competition.

REMIT prohibits two main forms of market abuse:

• insider trading (using undisclosed information to gain unfair advantage); and
• market manipulation (distorting market integrity or creating false or misleading market signals).

The Regulation sets rules to detect and prevent market abuse and establishes a system to monitor trading activities across the EU.

Since its adoption in 2011, EU legislators have updated REMIT to make it fit for purpose in a rapidly evolving energy landscape, where trading has become increasingly complex (e.g. through the use of algorithms). The Regulation was revised in 2024 to make wholesale energy markets more transparent and better monitored to deter abuse. This included: 

• Broadening the Regulation’s scope (now covering energy storage, hydrogen, electricity balancing and financial instruments).
• Better aligning EU rules on transparency and integrity of energy markets with the Union’s financial market rules.
• Granting ACER investigatory powers in cross-border cases (involving two or more Member States). This mandate complements national regulators’ investigatory authority, with ACER and NRAs working closely together. See ACER’s Rules of Procedure on how such cross-border investigations are conducted. REMIT enforcement continues to be at national level.

REMIT’s main purpose is to ensure trust among consumers, investors and market players in the EU energy market.

How?

• Prohibiting abusive practices: REMIT bans insider trading (i.e. using confidential information to trade) and market manipulation (artificially manipulating prices).
• Ensuring transparency: Companies are required to publish 'inside information' (such as planned power outages for maintenance or capacity changes), so that all players have access to the same data at the same time. This helps energy market transparency and integrity.
• Mandating data reporting: Market participants must report trading data, allowing national regulators and ACER to actively monitor and detect suspicious or fraudulent activities. 

ACER and national regulatory authorities (NRAs) work closely together to protect energy markets from abuse.

Many other parties cooperate and contribute to the transparency and integrity of wholesale energy markets under REMIT. These include market participants (e.g. traders, suppliers, producers), ‘organised market places’ (e.g. exchanges, brokers) and persons professionally arranging transactions (e.g. exchanges).

Anyone (including citizens) can notify a potential REMIT breach or suspicious behaviour through ACER’s REMIT Notification Platform. 

What do energy ‘market participants’ and ‘organised market places’ need to do?

1. Registration:

• Market participants: All entities wishing to participate in wholesale energy markets (e.g. energy traders, transmission system operators (TSOs)) must register with their national energy regulator.

• Organised market places (OMPs) must notify ACER to be included on a dedicated list (see the list of OMPs).

  Third-country participants (outside the EU, e.g. UK or USA) active on EU energy markets must designate an EU representative.

2. Reporting and disclosure: Once registered, market participants must:

• report wholesale energy transactions through authorised ‘registered reporting mechanisms' (RRMs); and
• publish ‘inside information’ promptly through authorised ‘inside information platforms' (IIPs).

3. ACER authorises and supervises inside information platforms and registered reporting mechanisms, ensuring that transaction data and inside information are submitted accurately and consistently across the EU.

• Inside information platforms (IIPs) are internet-based platforms where market participants can publish inside information. With the revised REMIT, it becomes mandatory to use IIPs for the disclosure of inside information. 
• Registered reporting mechanisms (RRMs) are entities that have the authority to submit data and transaction information to ACER. There are over 100 RRMs (see the list of approved RRMs). Authorisation is only available to RRMs that were founded within the European Union.

4. Regulatory oversight and enforcement:

• ACER collects and analyses EU-wide energy market data to identify potential REMIT breaches.
• REMIT enforcement is at national level. NRAs monitor and investigate potential breaches in their jurisdictions and apply sanctions where needed.
• ACER cooperates closely with national regulators and investigates cross-border cases.

ACER’s main activities under REMIT include:

• ​​​Collecting and analysing market data. 
• ​​​Monitoring wholesale energy markets to detect and deter market manipulation and abuse.
• ​​​Notifying manipulative behaviours to national regulators.
• Investigating cross-border market abuse cases.
• Supporting energy market transparency through tools like the REMIT Data Reference Centre, Inside Information Access Point and LNG price assessments.
• Promoting fair price formation, ensuring that wholesale electricity and gas prices are fair and competitive and reflect genuine supply-demand dynamics.
• Providing guidance and clarifications to help market participants and other relevant parties comply consistently with their REMIT obligations, including: 
  • Open letters, e.g. on reporting obligations after the 2024 revision of REMIT, on new obligations after the 2026 adoption of REMIT secondary legislation (respectively on the recast Implementing Regulation and new Delegated Regulation).
  • REMIT Guidance and other resources (including Q&As).

​​​​​​The European energy sector is engaged into a profound energy transition, whose overall success highly depends on the efficiency and integration of the European electricity markets.

Since the Directive on common rules for the internal market in electricity (1996), which marked the beginning of the market integration process at the European level, significant progress has been made towards establishing an efficient Internal Electricity Market. The successive legislative packages (and more recently the Clean Energy Package) contributed to further strengthening the foundations of the Internal Electricity Market.  ​

Despite this progress, there are still numerous obstacles to overcome before achieving a truly integrated efficient market. 

Among these: the full implementation of the Network Codes and Guidelines developed since 2011 (constituting the backbone of the Internal Electricity Market) and the efficient and secure integration of renewables' intermittent generation.

Building upon the sustained efforts of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) and the continuous support of all stakeholders, ACER's Electricity Department is committed to meeting all these challenges. ​

To better support the market integration process, the Department has organised its activities into five teams:

• The Market Codes team is responsible for developing, implementing and monitoring the European market rules.

• The Grid Connection and System Operations team develops, implements and monitors the grid connection and system operation rules harmonised at European level.

• The Market Monitoring team is in charge of identifying the barriers to the well-functioning of the European electricity markets.

• The Infrastructure team ensures an efficient and transparent network development.

• The Adequacy team is responsible for the development, implementation and monitoring of sound and transparent methodologies identifying resource gaps in Europe.​​

The main purpose of the Human Resources Team Leader position is to lead and shape the Agency’s human resources management by aligning HR strategies, policies, and processes with organisational objectives and regulatory requirements. 

The Agency may offer positions to experienced and highly-motivated Seconded National Experts (SNE), who will work together with the Agency’s staff.

No deadline for applications

Reference: ACER/SNE/2025/OC

Are you a strongly motivated, highly qualified and competent young professional? If your answer is yes, you landed in the right place.

ACER traineeship programme aims to attract university graduates who are interested in developing professionally by embarking on an exciting learning opportunity.

No deadline to apply.

You can be contacted at any time to join us for March or September semester.

Reference: ​ ACER/TRAINEE/2024/OC

The ACER graduate programme aims to attract graduates with a completed Master Degree and PhD students who are interested in developing professionally by embarking on an exciting learning opportunity in EU energy regulation in its offices in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

The aim is to create a pool of fresh talent capable of contributing to core ACER tasks and policy and creating a bridge with the latest academic insights.

No deadline to apply.

Reference: ​ ACER/GRADUATE/2023/OC

The European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) was established in March 2011 (Third Energy Package legislation) to foster cooperation among the EU’s energy National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) and help ensure that a single Eu​​ropean market for electricity, and similarly natural gas​, functions well. ACER's headquarters are in Ljubljana, Slovenia. 

ACER is one of the EU decentralised agencies. Distinct from the EU institutions, agencies are set up as separate legal entities to perform specific technical and scientific tasks that help the EU institutions and Member States to implement policies and take decisions. EU agencies support the cooperation between the EU and national governments by pooling technical and specialist expertise. Besides working with a wide range of energy stakeholders, the EU institutions and policy makers, ACER works closely with other European agencies through the EU Agencies Network (EUAN). See the EUAN work programme 2023-2024.

ACER’s role includes:

• Supporting the integration of energy markets in the EU (by common rules at EU level).
• Contributing to efficient trans-European energy infrastructure, ensuring alignment with EU priorities.
• Monitoring energy markets so that they function well, deterring wholesale energy market manipulation and abusive behaviour.
• Where necessary, coordinating cross-national regulatory action.

​Our overall purpose is achieving a transition of the European energy system in line with the political objectives set, reaping benefits of increased energy market integration across Europe, and securing low-carbon supply at least possible cost for European businesses and citizens.

The Agency promotes:

• a more competitive, integrated market, offering consumers more choice
• an efficient energy infrastructure and networks, enabling energy to move freely across borders, the integration of renewable sources, and therefore ensuring a higher degree of security of supply
• a monitored and transparent energy market guaranteeing consumers fair prices and a limitation of market abusive behaviours

Watch the video & discover what ACER does for you.

19.03.2026 - ACER/2025/OP/0005: Provision of medical centre services for the European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators

Closing date: 06/05/2026 by 16:00 hours local time

Contract notice

Different bodies manage ACER's policy and activities:

• The Head of the Agency is the Direc​tor​. The Director manages and represents the Agency.
• The Adm​inistrative Board (AB) is responsible for the Agency's governance as well as all administrative and budgetary activities. The AB members are appointed by the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.​
• The Board of Regulators (BoR) is in charge of the regulatory policy and overseeing all the activities connected. The BoR is composed by senior representatives of the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) for energy of the 27 Member States.
• The Board of Appea​l (BoA) deals with complaints lodged against ACE​R ​​decisions​. It is independent from the administrative and regulatory boards.​
• The ACER Working Groups​ advise the ACER Director and the Board of Regulators on the regulatory activities of the Agency. The Working Groups are composed of representatives of ACER, national regulators, and the European Commission. ​​

ACER has about 170 employees, both permanent staff and experts seconded by national regulatory authorities (NRAs).

ACER staff is organised into 7 departments​.​​​​

The Administrative Board (AB) is the governing body of ACER. It is tasked with the appointment of the main bodies of ACER, including the Director, and with exercising budgetary powers.  It also adopts the work programme of ACER for the coming year and its multi-annual programme.

The AB plays a central role in establishing the budget, including the drafting of the financial rules. It also ensures that ACER carries out its mission and performs its mandate.

The Administrative Board is composed by nine Members and nine alternates, appointed by the European institutions. 

Two members are appointed by the  European Commission, two by the European Parliament and five by the Council of the European Union.

​The Administrative Board adopts its rules of proc​edure​​​.​​​​​