In the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the changes in supply and demand created transportation bottlenecks as the gas system was originally designed for optimal transportation of Russian supplies. With liquified natural gas (LNG) and increased pipeline supplies primarily entering the EU from the west, bottlenecks in transportation occurred.

Due to physical congestion at LNG terminals and at cross-border pipelines in North-West Europe, the system was used at full capacity and gas could not easily flow to where it was needed most during the 2022 energy crisis, which drove hub price-spreads high. To address these bottlenecks in the short term, the existing infrastructure must be optimised to accommodate new supply routes. 

In the gas market crisis, short-term mitigating actions are important. The voluntary gas-demand reduction target has been extended until 31 March 2024 and storage-filling trajectories for 2023 have been updated. Addressing the most acute bottlenecks presents a no-regret measure to improve market efficiency in the short term.

In addition to its annual monitoring of congestion, ACER made a focused research of how congestion emerged in the most acutely congested markets of Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands, and how the respective transmission system operators (TSOs) and national regulatory authorities (NRAs) addressed the bottlenecks.

ACER’s preliminary findings

• Coordination between TSOs weakened while maximising the availability of firm and interruptible capacities at either side of the respective borders between Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands, leading to mismatched transmission capacities; and
• Gas flows from Belgium to the Netherlands, from Belgium to Germany and from France to Germany suffered from physical bottlenecks.

What does ACER recommend?

ACER expects the TSOs to:

• Extensively coordinate their operational actions;
• Jointly optimise the network to accommodate the restructured supply routes;
• Jointly maximise marketing of firm bundled capacities;
• Optimise the sale of interruptible capacities;
• Efficiently bring back unused capacities to the market via congestion management procedures (CMPs); and
• Carefully consider if investment is needed where physical bottlenecks remain after the operational optimisation of the existing network.

ACER expects NRAs to:

• Extensively coordinate;
• Remove any regulatory obstacles that prevent an optimal use of the network to accommodate the new supply routes, e.g., addressing different odourisation practices on the route from France to Germany; and
• While congestion revenues may be used to finance network investment that removes structural bottlenecks, NRAs shall carefully assess the appropriateness of such investment considering the Union’s energy and climate policies.

What are the next steps?

In summer 2023, ACER will publish a report specifically on congestion in North-West Europe with findings and recommendations.

In its 10th Report on Congestion in the EU Gas Markets and How it is Managed, ACER finds a tripling of network congestion. ACER calls on gas Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) to relieve the bottlenecks.

In the gas market crisis, short-term mitigating actions are important. Europe’s voluntary gas-demand reduction target has been extended until 31 March 2024 and storage-filling trajectories for 2023 have been updated. Addressing the most acute bottlenecks presents a no-regret measure to improve market efficiency in the short term.

Understanding congestion and shift in gas supply routes

Congestion occurs first at the level of contracts when network users cannot obtain the capacity contract they need to flow gas. It is addressed by bringing any unused capacity back to the market.

In the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the changes in supply and demand created gas transportation bottlenecks. With liquified natural gas (LNG) and increased pipeline supplies primarily entering the EU from the west (in a system originally designed for transporting Russian supplies to Europe), bottlenecks in transportation occurred.

Due to physical congestion at LNG terminals and at cross-border pipelines in North-West Europe, the system was used at full capacity and gas could not easily flow to where it was needed most during the 2022 energy crisis, which drove hub price-spreads high. To address these bottlenecks in the short term, the existing gas infrastructure must be optimised to accommodate new supply routes.  

What are Report’s key findings?

• Congestion emerged at 50 interconnection points following tight market conditions and the need to reroute gas flows away from historic east-west routes to predominantly west-east routes in Europe (with the Russian invasion of Ukraine);
• Congestion revenues collected by TSOs rose sharply from €55 million in 2021 to around €3.4 billion in 2022;
• In North-West Europe, congestion was also physical, meaning that LNG terminals and gas pipelines in North-West Europe were fully used; and
• The most used mitigating measure to avoid unused capacity was selling interruptible capacity, while oversubscription remained the most used among the congestion management procedures (CMPs) that aim to make (unused) firm capacity available.

What does ACER recommend?

ACER urges:

• TSOs to address congestions and maximise availability of capacities;
• NRAs to monitor the congestion in their markets more closely to contribute to the efficient functioning of the internal market for gas.

Access ACER’s 10th Report on Congestion and its technical annex.

ENTSOG is required to publish a draft cost-benefit analysis (CBA) methodology for hydrogen infrastructure projects, in accordance with Article 11 of the recast Trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) Regulation.

ACER contracted VIS Economic & Energy Consultants to conduct a study to identify recommendations for European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas’s (ENTSOG’s) future CBA methodology for hydrogen infrastructure.

What are the key findings?

The VIS study:

• Assesses existing CBA documents and technical-economic assessments for hydrogen infrastructure;
• Reviews hydrogen transportation plans and supply/demand targets in selected EU Member States;
• Assesses market and network conditions justifying building hydrogen infrastructure; and
• Provides recommendations to ENTSOG for a CBA methodology for hydrogen infrastructure consistent with CBA methodologies used for other types of energy infrastructure projects.

The recommendations have been clustered into four thematic groups:

The main findings of this study were presented during the ACER webinar on 14 April 2023.

What are the next steps?

• ENTSOG’s CBA methodology will first be used for the development of the European wide ten-year network development plan (TYNDP) 2024 and the following selection process of Projects of Common Interest (PCI).
• ENTSOG is currently consulting on its preliminary CBA methodology. After concluding the consultation, ENTSOG will adapt its preliminary methodology and submit a draft CBA methodology to ACER, the EU Member States and the European Commission.
• ACER shall provide its Opinion within three months upon ENTSOG’s submission, which is expected in June 2023. This consultancy study provides ideas that ACER will consider for its Opinion. However, the information and the views set out in this study are those of the author (VIS) only and may not, in any circumstances, be regarded as stating ACER’s official position, opinion, or recommendation. ACER does not guarantee the accuracy of the data and the statements contained in the study.

Access the consultancy study about cost-benefit analysis for hydrogen networks.

ACER publishes today its report on Latvia’s proposed gas transmission tariffs.

What is in the report?

ACER assessed the proposed methodology to calculate the gas tariffs, including:

• The tariff structure applicable to Latvia as a result of its participation in the merged market zone between Finland, Estonia and Latvia (FinEstLat); and
• The tariffs applicable to domestic exit points of the Latvian network and to the Latvian exit point to Lithuania.

What are ACER’s main findings?

The public consultation of the Latvian national regulatory authority, the Public Utilities Commission (PUC), is missing certain information required to be included in the consultation according to the Network Code on Gas Transmission Tariffs.

ACER recommends that PUC improves:

• Assessment on cross-subsidies resulting from the FinEstLat market merger;
• Calculate the exit tariff to Lithuania using the proposed reference price methodology; and
• Apply capacity-based tariffs at domestic exit points.

Access the ACER report on the Latvian gas tariffs.

Access all ACER reports on national tariff consultation documents.

The European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) launched its daily Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) benchmark on Friday, 31 March 2023, as required by Council Regulation (EU) 2022/2576.

The LNG benchmark provides for greater market transparency based on mandatory data reporting, and hence is expected to reflect real-world prices for LNG. Stakeholders may use the LNG benchmark voluntarily.

The daily LNG benchmark complements ACER’s daily LNG price assessments, launched on 13 January 2023.

Access the LNG Price Assessment and LNG benchmark (of 31 March 2023).

Learn more about the LNG price assessment and benchmarks.

What is the difference between the LNG price assessment and the LNG benchmark?

ACER publishes three distinct and independently calculated Delivered Ex-Ship (DES) Spot LNG price assessments: for Europe (EU), for North West Europe (NWE) and South Europe (SE).

In addition, ACER publishes a daily LNG benchmark determined by the spread between the daily LNG price assessment for DES LNG Spot EU and the settlement price for the TTF Gas Futures front-month contract established by ICE Endex Markets B.V.

How is the LNG benchmark determined?

ACER’s daily LNG benchmark (published daily from 31 March 2023) is determined by the spread between ACER’s daily LNG price assessment for ‘delivery ex-ship’ (DES) LNG Spot EU and the settlement price for the TTF Gas Futures front-month contract established by ICE Endex Markets B.V.

When and where will the daily benchmark be published?

ACER will publish the LNG benchmark every weekday as soon as technically possible. The results will be published on TERMINAL.

How has ACER’s price assessment methodology evolved so far?

ACER published the first beta version of its LNG price assessment methodology on 13 January 2023 and the second one on 8 March 2023. The second version increased the robustness of the methodology and reduced the time-lag resulting from the rolling window used to calculate the price (see 6 March news).

The latest version, published on 23 March 2023 and with effect from 31 March 2023, covers both the LNG price assessment methodology and the benchmark methodology.

ACER will continue to periodically revise the methodology and the guidance on reporting LNG market data, in consultation with stakeholders.

Check out ACER’s LNG price assessment methodology documents.

When will the methodology be revised next?

The exact date of the next update is not determined yet.

ACER publishes today its report on Lithuania’s proposed gas transmission tariffs.

ACER provides recommendations to the Lithuanian national regulatory authority (NRA), VERT, particularly regarding the existing regional networks and the need to enhance transparency on the proposed asset splits.

What is in the report?

ACER assessed the proposed methodology to calculate the gas tariffs, including:

• The treatment of regional networks;
• The tariffs applicable to the transmission service to the Kaliningrad District; and
• The tariffs applicable to the domestic exit to the Achema fertilizer plant.

What are ACER’s main findings?

ACER recommends to the Lithuanian NRA, VERT, to implement improvements:

• On regional networks, ACER recommends that VERT changes the category of regional networks from transmission to distribution.
• On the asset split applicable for the transmission to Kaliningrad, VERT should provide clarity on the criteria used to establish the asset split.
• On the proposed tariff differentiation to the domestic exit point to the Achema fertilizer plant, ACER recommends specifying the criteria on which a consumer, including Achema, could get a different tariff compared to all other regional network exits.

Access the report on the Lithuanian gas tariffs.

Access all ACER reports on national tariff consultation documents.

ACER’s Position Paper towards greater consistency of cost benefit analysis methodologies, published today, identifies topics where consistency is needed across the Cost Benefit Analysis methodologies (CBA methodologies) currently under development by the European Commission and the European electricity and gas grid operators.

Greater consistency of CBA methodologies will enable a more efficient energy system across Europe by ensuring similar terms of assessment of projects in a technology neutral way.

Why did ACER issue this Position Paper?

The updated TEN-E Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2022/869) introduced the task of the development of separate CBA methodologies for the various energy infrastructure categories and by different entities:  

• The EU network of transmission system operators for electricity (ENTSO-E) for electricity transmission projects (including offshore grids);
• The EU network of transmission system operators for gas (ENTSOG)  for hydrogen projects; and
• The European Commission (EC) for projects of energy storage, electricity smart grids, gas smart grids, electrolysers and CO2 networks and facilities.

ACER must provide opinions on the ENTSO-E and ENTSOG CBA methodologies and on the draft lists of PCIs prepared by the EC. The Regulation tasks ACER with promoting consistency in the CBA methodologies developed by the EC with the CBA methodologies elaborated by ENTSO-E and ENTSOG.

To this end, ACER’s Position Paper sets out the topics where consistency should be promoted among all CBA methodologies.

Where is consistency of CBA methodologies needed?

1. Common input data set and assumptions;
2. Selection and use of scenarios and ways to deal with uncertainty;
3. Length of assessment period, residual value of projects, and social discount rate;
4. Definition of reference case networks;
5. Treatment of interdependency with other projects;
6. Project implementation status;
7. Clustering rules;
8. Criteria to assess the plausibility of projects’ commissioning dates;
9. Implementation Guidelines;
10. Definition and handling of capital and operational expenditures;
11. Consideration of the impact of the future extreme weather events on infrastructure resilience;
12. Approach to calculate social and environmental impacts of projects;
13. Methodology to calculate the benefit-to-cost ratio and Net Present Value of projects;
14. Sensitivities;
15. Modelling interlinkages of CBA methodologies;
16. Presentation of CBA results.

Next steps

The ACER Position Paper could serve as a reference document, e.g. during the cooperation with the EC and the ENTSOs during the development phase of their CBA methodologies, as well as when drafting the ACER opinions on the ENTSOs’ CBA methodologies, or when the EC Advisory Board for Climate Change forms their views on the methodologies.

Access the ACER Position Paper.

Since 13th January, as required by Council Regulation (EU) 2022/2576, ACER publishes a daily Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) price assessment. On 8 March, ACER will start applying an updated version (Beta 2.0) of the methodology for its LNG price assessments.

Why update the methodology and why now?

• The aim (as per the Regulation) is for ACER to produce an objective price assessment that reflects the price of LNG spot transactions.
• On some days, there were insufficient eligible LNG spot transactions to calculate the price assessment as per the established methodology (which required a minimum of 5 transactions over 5 rolling days).
• After observing the initial methodology (Beta 1.0) for a few weeks, ACER has decided to update it.
• The Regulation also requires ACER to publish a LNG benchmark by 31 March 2023. ACER intends to start applying the new LNG price methodology as of 8 March in order to verify it until the benchmark’s go-live on 31 March 2023.

What are the main changes to the LNG price assessment methodology and why is it relevant?

• A single EU LNG price will be calculated on top of the current practice of prices for 2 zones (North-West Europe and South Europe).
• ACER’s Beta 1.0 methodology used a 5-day rolling window to aggregate transactions and thus build a price that is representative of the market conditions. Beta 2.0 further shifts the weight of the calculation to the most recent transactions and is at the same time extending the calculation window to 10 days.

This will increase the robustness of the LNG price calculation.

Has ACER consulted stakeholders on its work?

ACER works closely with stakeholders to have a meaningful LNG price assessment that is genuinely representative and not arbitrary. ACER developed and now subsequently refined, with the help of an LNG Expert Group and in consultation with the European Commission, a robust beta methodology underpinning the ACER LNG price assessment.

In addition, ACER intends to further update the Guidance on reporting LNG market data, and improve its TERMINAL platform to improve the user experience. The updated reporting Guidance will mainly clarify important details to assure better data quality. 

Both updated documents will benefit from the advice of its LNG Expert Group, close engagement with market participants (e.g. via roundtables, webinars), input from other stakeholders and ACER price assessors’ experience so far.

Access the updated LNG price assessment methodology (Beta 2.0).

Learn more about the LNG price assessment.

Today, ACER publishes its assessment report on the effects of the Market Correction Mechanism (MCM) on energy markets and security of supply.

Background to the MCM

The MCM Regulation (December 2022) establishes a Market Correction Mechanism to protect citizens and the economy against excessively high gas prices. The MCM sets a bidding limit on certain financial derivatives traded at EU exchanges with the aim of limiting EU gas prices. This bidding limit is activated when specific conditions are met.

The Regulation tasks ACER and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) with assessing the market effects from the introduction of the Market Correction Mechanism (MCM) and submitting their MCM effect assessment reports to the European Commission by 1 March 2023. Both reports are intended to assist the Commission in its decision of extending the MCM to the derivatives traded at other Virtual Trading Points (‘VTPs’) in the EU and in assessing whether the key design elements of the MCM need to be reviewed.  ACER and ESMA already published preliminary reports on 23 January 2023. ESMA also published their final MCM effects assessment report today.

MCM seems not to have a discernible gas market impact to date

Neither ACER nor ESMA have identified significant impacts (positive or negative) that could be unequivocally and directly attributed to the adoption of the MCM.

However, one should not infer from this that the MCM might not have any impacts on financial and energy markets or on security of supply in the future. ACER and ESMA continue to emphasise the need to regularly monitor gas markets and gas trading activities to identify risks and to assist in detecting potential impacts of the MCM in the future.

Challenges of extending the MCM to derivatives linked to other EU Virtual Trading Points (VTPs)

• ACER finds valid arguments for extending the MCM only to VTPs where the liquidity of gas derivative trading is modest to high. ACER considers that the extension of the MCM to other VTPs would not likely lead to significant negative effects in gas markets.
• ACER finds valid arguments for using the same activation and de-activation conditions, making use exclusively of the Dutch TTF front-month price and the same dynamic price-bidding limit at the EU VTPs (where the MCM is extended to other VTPs).

No technical reasons to review the key design elements of the MCM

• ACER could not identify a need for revising the price references used for calculating the reference price.
• ACER could not identify technical reasons to change the current activation or de-activation conditions of the MCM or for changing the dynamic price-bidding limit.

ACER will continue monitoring the effects of the MCM in energy markets and on security of energy supply.

ACER Market Correction Mechanism Effects Assessment Report.

ESMA Effects Assessment of the impact of the Market Correction Mechanism on financial market.

Further information on the Market Correction Mechanism.

ACER shall adopt a recommendation for identifying good practices for the treatment of investment requests for projects of common interest (PCIs), as tasked by the (2022) Regulation on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure.

In light of revised Trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) provisions, and building on the experience gained with latest cross-border cost allocation (CBCA) investment requests, ACER is updating its (2015) CBCA Recommendation.

As part of this process, ACER invites stakeholders to submit their views on the existing CBCA Recommendation, including:

• Scope of ACER CBCA Recommendation;
• Role of scenarios and of cost-benefit analysis in the cross-border cost allocation;
• The allocation and compensation mechanism; and
• Cross-border cost allocation for offshore projects.

The public consultation will run from 23 February until 31 March 2023.

What are the next steps? 

ACER will evaluate the received feedback and take it into consideration when drafting the document.

The updated CBCA Recommendation shall be adopted by 24 June 2023.

Access the public consultation.