EU rules require grid operators to make a 70% minimum amount of capacity on interconnectors available for electricity trading with neighbours by the end of 2025. It is ACER’s job to monitor how Member States are doing on reaching this 70% target, but ACER’s monitoring finds that the target is still far off.

ACER is inviting feedback on its monitoring report and holding a webinar to discuss its conclusions (together with the recently published Emergency Measures report) on 6 September.

Why is reaching the minimum 70% target important?

• Delivering on the agreed minimum 70% target of interconnection capacity is crucial to achieving the ambitious political objectives set for renewable generation.
• Reaching the 70% target will:
  • ensure security of supply;
  • mitigate price volatility; and
  • provide key flexibility to the market.
• Building new lines is difficult and environmentally challenging: The 70% target allows for a more efficient use of existing lines.
• The 70% target will become increasingly difficult and costly to reach. Progress towards the 70% target is unlikely to happen without tough trade-offs.

What is the report about?

ACER’s Report on cross-zonal capacities and the 70% margin available for cross-zonal electricity trade:

• Highlights the need for maximizing cross-zonal trading to reach the EU’s clean energy goals;
• Evaluates progress towards achieving the 70% target by the end of 2025;
• Analyses the main barriers to cross-zonal trading and outlines what Member States and Transmission System Operators (TSOs) can do to lift them; and
• Illustrates the impact on welfare and on price spikes of offering low cross-zonal capacity levels in day-ahead electricity markets.

What are the key findings?

• Interconnection capacity available for cross-zonal trade of electricity remains low across the EU. The minimum 70% target of interconnection capacity is still far off for most Member States.
• Reaching the 70% target is a collective effort: Each Member State’s actions (or inactions) impact other Member States and ultimately consumers.
• Lifting both internal and cross-zonal constraints is necessary to achieving the 70% target. Old barriers persist:
  • Loop flows, i.e., internal trades within country A creating electrical flow through country B, thus creating congestion;
  • Insufficient and costly remedial actions;
  • No mechanism in place for sharing the cost of remedial actions.

What are the next steps?

• ACER’s public consultation (from 21 July to 15 September 2023) invites stakeholders’ views on the findings of the ACER monitoring report.
• ACER’s webinar (6 September 2023) presents and discusses the report’s conclusions (and the recent ACER report on Emergency Measures).
• Based on the findings of the report and stakeholders’ input, ACER will issue a formal opinion, on capacity available for cross-zonal electricity trade, to the European Commission and European Parliament by the end of the year. 

Access the ACER Report on cross-zonal capacities and the 70% margin available for cross-zonal electricity trade.

Access the Report's infographic.

In response to the energy crisis, every EU Member State introduced emergency measures to support their citizens and economy, and to mitigate security of energy supply risks. In March, ACER published an inventory of 400+ measures adopted by Member States.

As part of its series of 2023 Market Monitoring reports, ACER publishes today its assessment of emergency measures in electricity markets.

What is it about?

More than 400 measures were adopted by Member States in response to the energy crisis. Member States had to swiftly respond to complex issues during the crisis, sometimes lacking a comprehensive overview of potential short- and long-term implications of choices made. This report’s objective is not to assign blame but rather to assist decision-makers in making informed choices in similar situations in the future.

The ACER Assessment focuses on lessons learned. This ACER report assesses drawbacks and merits of types of emergency measures against the achievement of 5 regulatory goals, namely how the measures;

1. Help consumers in terms of electricity affordability;
2. Contribute to security of supply;
3. Support energy transition and investment signals;
4. Promote energy efficiency and demand response; and
5. Contribute to efficient cross-border trading and market integration to benefit European consumers. Market integration allows for the mitigation of price shocks and increases security of supply.

ACER’s assessment of emergency measures is timely:

• As energy and fiscal policy makers consider next steps now to cope with persistent short-term energy challenges;
• With Member States starting to re-evaluate their energy emergency support measures in the context of falling energy prices;
• Given recent calls (by certain EU bodies) for fiscal policy (in the current high inflation environment) to be targeted, tailored and temporary.

Lessons from 2022 can help Member States determine where and when to direct any future energy support measures, to those in need.

What’s next?

Save the date – 6 September 2023 – when ACER will present and discuss the conclusions of the report.

ACER welcomes feedback ahead of the webinar, to be sent to 2023_emergency_measures(at)acer.europa.eu.

Access:

• ACER Assessment of emergency measures in electricity markets – 2023 Market Monitoring Report.
• ACER emergency measures infographic.
• ACER interactive inventory of 439 energy crisis measures adopted by Member States (you can filter by country, type of emergency measure).

Seasonal outlooks of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) provide observations and foresight for challenges associated with the security of electricity supply for winter and summer. They help Member States and transmission system operators to make informed decisions related to future risks of power shortages.

The importance of these European wide seasonal assessments is heightened in the context of gas supply uncertainties, changing weather patterns and generation outages.

Highlights of ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook (2023)

ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook 2023 identified no electricity security of supply concerns for EU consumers. Nevertheless, close monitoring is suggested for Cyprus, Crete, Malta and Ireland.

Adequacy risks flagged for island Member States (and Crete) show the importance of interconnections in ensuring security of supply. With limited interconnections, the islands cannot benefit from the resilience the meshed network of the continental Europe offers, which allows for enhanced sharing of resources.

Source: ACER based on Summer Outlook 2023 - Figure 13: Adequacy risk overview - considering non-market resources

ENTSO-E’s report also points to comfortable gas storage levels by the end of summer and highlights the need to resort to any gas withdrawals with prudence over the summer period.

What does ACER say about ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook?

• ACER appreciates ENTSO-E’s commitment to adapting its seasonal outlooks to the prevailing circumstances, such as developments in the gas system situation.
• ACER also stresses the importance of considering interconnection capacity when assessing the adequacy of electricity supply.
• ACER highlights, as in its past opinions, that ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook assessment lacks flow-based modelling to optimise cross-zonal exchanges in line with the current market design.

For the next seasonal assessment (the Winter Outlook), ACER suggests that ENTSO-E addresses the following considerations to support management of security of electricity supply over the coming winter:

• Analyse the consequences of alternative scenarios including sensitivity to factors such as the impact of low precipitation (prolonged droughts) over the year.
• Assess the potential rebound of demand in case energy-saving measures introduced last year (2022) are not in effect and demand side response to prices is less pronounced.

From 21 July to 15 September 2023, ACER will run a public consultation on its upcoming report on cross-border capacity in EU electricity markets in 2022, to be published on 21 July 2023.

What is the report about?

ACER’s monitoring is crucial for integrated markets, as it contributes to efficient cross-border trade, integration of renewables, ensuring security of supply and reducing price volatility.

The ACER report on cross-border capacity in electricity markets will:

• Address network element usage, barriers, and potential solutions;
• Highlight the importance of maximizing cross-zonal trading for efficiency and decarbonization; and
• Evaluate the progress made towards the Clean Energy Package's target of achieving a minimum of 70% transmission capacity for cross-zonal trade by 2025.

What are the next steps?

After publishing its report on cross-border capacity in electricity markets on 21 July 2023, ACER will:

• Run a public consultation to collect stakeholders’ views on the report (from 21 July to 15 September 2023); and
• Organise a workshop to discuss the report’s conclusions (6 September 2023).

Based on its findings and stakeholders’ input, ACER will issue a formal opinion with recommendations to the European Commission and European Parliament by November 2023.

ACER runs a public consultation from 17 July 2023 to 25 September 2023 to gather stakeholders’ views on concrete amendment proposals on two European electricity grid connection network codes:

• Network Code on Requirements for Grid Connection of Generators; and 
• Network Code on Demand Connection.

Stakeholders can submit their comments separately, to one or both GC NCs.

The public consultation will last for 10 weeks.

Why change the rules?

Since the development of the first European grid connection codes in 2012, there have been important policy developments in decarbonising Europe’s energy and transport sectors.

The revisions of network codes are needed to update the existing regulatory framework to ensure Europe’s interconnected power system adapts to emerging trends, such as increasing number of electricity storage modules, electrical charging points for e-vehicles, or the proliferation of distributed energy resources.

What is the process of amending the rules?

In September 2022, the European Commission asked ACER to initiate the process of amending the existing European network codes. Since then, ACER has:

• published a Policy Paper;
• launched an initial public consultation to gather amendment proposals from stakeholders;
• held workshops on different technical topics; and
• developed concrete amendment proposals to the network codes for stakeholders' consultation.

On the basis of the input from this summer consultation, ACER prepared a recommendation for amendments to the European Commission later in 2023.

Access the public consultation page.

Learn more about the electricity grid connection codes.

Subscribe to receive automatic notifications on ACER’s public consultations.

On 30 May 2023, ACER approved the Transmission System Operators’ (TSOs’) proposal of 20 December 2022 to amend the methodology for calculating scheduled exchanges resulting from single day-ahead coupling (SDAC).

What is it about?

On 25 January 2023, the EU National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) referred to ACER a joint TSOs’ proposal on the amendments to the methodology for calculating scheduled exchanges resulting from SDAC under the Capacity allocation and congestion management (CACM) Regulation.

What are the amendments about?

Having gained experience from multiple nominated electricity market operator (NEMO) arrangements, TSOs identified improvements to the methodology, particularly for calculating scheduled exchanges between NEMO trading hubs.

Before approving the TSOs’ proposal, ACER assessed whether changes would contribute to market integration, non-discrimination, effective competition and proper functioning of the EU electricity market. To make an informed decision, ACER also consulted stakeholders in March 2023.

What are the next steps?

TSOs shall implement the methodology for calculating scheduled exchanges resulting from SDAC no later than three months after its approval, i.e. by 30 August 2023.

Access the:

• ACER Decision 10/2023 on the methodology for calculating scheduled exchanges resulting from single day-ahead coupling 
• Annex I
• Annex Ia
• Annex II

ACER invites EU electricity experts to help identify and define 'structural congestion”, in electricity networks. The Regulation on capacity allocation and congestion management (CACM) defines structural congestion in rather vague terms as congestion:

• that can be unambiguously defined;
• is predictable;
• is geographically stable over time; and
• is frequently recurring under normal power system conditions.

ACER considers that the current definition of structural congestion needs to be improved and would benefit from quantitative criteria to better identify such congestion.

Hence, ACER seeks EU electricity network experts' views on how structural congestion should be defined quantitatively and invites them to fill in a survey by 15 June 2023.

On 19 December 2022, the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) of the Nordic Capacity Calculation Region (CCR) requested an extension to decide on the Nordic Transmission System Operators’ (TSOs’) proposed amendment to the market-based cross-zonal capacity allocation methodology.

On 14 April 2023, ACER granted an extension of six months to the Nordic CCR NRAs (Denmark, Finland, Sweden).

What is the market-based allocation process?

The market-based allocation process compares the market value of cross-zonal capacity for the electricity balancing capacity market with the forecasted market value for the day-ahead electricity market. It then allocates the capacity to the market that generates the most welfare by using the cross-zonal capacity, which:

• allows the integration of balancing capacity markets;
• creates welfare;
• lowers the costs for the procurement of balancing capacity;
• lowers the costs for tariff payers; and
• ensures security of supply.

What are the next steps?

Nordic NRAs have until 28 June 2023 to decide on the proposal of the Nordic TSOs’ for amendment to the market-based cross-zonal capacity allocation methodology.

Access the ACER Decision 09/2023 on the extension request for Nordic CCR.

​Each year, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) assesses the risks to EU security of electricity supply for up to 10 years ahead with its European Resource Adequacy Assessment (ERAA). ERAA is submitted for ACER’s decision by 1 November each year.

ACER appreciates ENTSO-E`s efforts to consult on the 2023 ERAA assumptions and data. Robust results come from robust input data and stakeholder involvement is key in ensuring it.

ACER did not approve the first two ERAAs submitted by ENTSO-E (see the links to the ACER decisions on ERRA 2021 and 2022 respectively).  The ACER decisions provided recommendations to ENTSO-E to improve their subsequent ERAA.

Taking into account the experience gained in the first two years of ERAA, ACER has decided to contribute to the consultation. The aim is to transparently and concretely express ACER’s key data-related concerns to allow ENTSO-E to address them before their submission of the draft ERRA 2023 to ACER later this year. 

ACER’s key suggestions on how to improve the assessment

To improve the assessment, data input needs to be:

• consistently applied within the two ERRA modules (adequacy & investment), and
• consistent with the relevant EU and national policy goals and plans.

Figure 1: ACER’s focus is consistency of data input between ERAA modules and policy goals

Key areas of ACER’s concern

Cross-zonal capacities:

• Cross-zonal electricity exchange represents an important adequacy resource, hence assumptions regarding cross-zonal capacities and the underlying interconnectors are crucial.

• ACER urges ENTSO-E to consistently consider cross-zonal capacities according to the Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP) developed by the TSOs and ENTSO-E.

Climate-related assumptions:

• Climatic variables can have a significant effect on security of electricity supply and thus on the ERAA results.
• ACER highlights the importance of the consistent application of climatic variables across the two ERAA modules (adequacy & investment).

See ACER’s reply to ENTSO-E’s public consultation on ERAA 2023.